#Vitalik公布精简以太坊路线图 According to information recently released by Vitalik Buterin, Ethereum's "Lean Ethereum" roadmap is a 3-4 year core protocol overhaul plan, comparable in scale to "The Merge," aiming to replace and simplify almost all major parts of the protocol.

🎯 Three Core Priorities

· Quantum Security: Urgency has greatly increased, requiring replacement of encryption schemes vulnerable to quantum attacks.
· Privacy Protection: Upgraded to a first-class design goal; new components must natively support quantum-resistant private transactions.
· Simplification and Scaling: Achieve "gigagas"-level L1 throughput through architectural simplification, aiming to be as simple as Bitcoin.

🔧 Key Technology Changes

· Verification Method: Replace direct transaction re-execution with recursive STARKs, making them a native core component of the protocol.
· Consensus and Gas: Achieve 1-2 round finality and introduce a multi-dimensional Gas model.
· State Restructuring: Introduce new state types such as UTXO (with a scale of 100TB); after migration, Gas fees for ERC-20 etc. can be reduced by more than 10 times.
· EVM Evolution: The underlying EVM may shift to RISC-V or a lean ISA architecture.

📅 Roadmap Tempo
The upcoming Hegota (H-star) fork this year will be the last "pre-lean" version; the subsequent I-star fork will officially usher in the lean era. The Gas limit, Blob capacity, etc. will be increased multiple times over the next 5 years.

Note: Vitalik compares this transformation to the 2022 Merge, and existing DApps are expected to continue running without modification.